Dielectric charging PTFE FTIR E-Beam Electrical engineering Polyimide Charge transport Ageing Accumulation characteristics Cathodoluminescence Breakdown Dielectric materials Silver nanoparticles Electric potential SiO2 XLPE Luminescence Power cables Conductivity Current measurement Polyethylene Plasma process Space charge Permittivity Dielectric strength Electron-beam irradiation Atomic force microscopy Charge trapping Electron emission DC stress Conduction current Thin films Fluid model Interfacial charge LIMM Acoustic wave propagation Ac electric field AFM Optimization Pulsed electro acoustic method Partial discharges Polymers Radiation effects Electric field distribution LDPE Electron beams Nanostructured dielectrics Cable Insulation Plasma processes Field distribution Dielectric Epoxy resin Electrical insulation Electroluminescence FLIMM Polymeric insulation HVDC Cross-linking by-products Silicon compounds Charge injection Charge transport model Charge measurement Charge d'espace Rotating machines Proteins PEA DC conductivity Electronic irradiation Electromechanical stress Transport Silver C-AFM Electrical ageing Thermal aging EFM Cumyl alcohol Polarity reversal Polymer AgNPs Electron beam Dielectric material Dielectric properties Mechanical properties Cross-linked polyethylene Insulating polymers Modeling Dielectrics Electrical conductivity KPFM Aluminum oxide Electrostatics Polarization Electrodes Polypropylene HVDC cable Dielectric films Electric field Electrical properties Bipolar charge transport model